Netwerksegmentatie is een begrip binnen de industriële digitalisering en extra industrie & security topics.
Definitie
Netwerksegmentatie is een cybersecurity strategie waarbij een computernetwerk wordt opgedeeld in kleinere, geïsoleerde segmenten of zones. Elk segment heeft specifieke toegangsregels en beveiligingscontroles, waardoor de spread van cyberaanvallen wordt beperkt en de attack surface wordt verkleind in industriële omgevingen.
Kenmerken
- Zone-based architecture: Logische scheiding van netwerkgebieden op basis van functie
- Access control: Gecontroleerde communicatie tussen netwerkzones
- Firewall integration: Firewalls tussen segments voor traffic filtering
- VLAN implementation: Virtual LAN segmentatie voor logische scheiding
- Micro-segmentation: Granular segmentation tot individual device level
- East-west traffic control: Lateral movement prevention binnen netwerk
- Zero trust principles: “Never trust, always verify” security model
- Monitoring en logging: Comprehensive visibility van inter-segment traffic
Toepassing
Industrial network zones:
- Enterprise zone: Business systems, ERP, office networks
- DMZ (Demilitarized Zone): Intermediary zone tussen enterprise en control systems
- Control zone: MES, SPC, historian servers
- Safety zone: Emergency shutdown systems, safety controllers
- Cell zone: Individual production cells, robots, CNC machines
Metaalindustrie segmentatie:
- Furnace control networks: Heat treatment systems isolation
- Robotic welding cells: Lasrobot networks met process-specific access
- CNC machine networks: Machine tool networks per production area
- Quality systems: CMMS, inspection equipment isolated networks
Purdue model implementation:
- Level 0-1: Sensors, actuators, basic process control
- Level 2: Control systems, MES, supervisory control
- Level 3: Plant operations, MOM, quality systems
- Level 4: Business planning, ERP, corporate functions
- Level 5: Enterprise networks, external connections
Security zone types:
- Production zone: Critical manufacturing systems
- Process control zone: SCADA, DCS, control systems
- Maintenance zone: Engineering workstations, programming tools
- Guest zone: Visitor access, temporary connections
- Management zone: Administrative systems, reporting tools
Segmentation technologies:
- Physical segmentation: Separate physical network infrastructure
- VLAN segmentation: Virtual LAN separation within shared infrastructure
- Industrial VLANs: Manufacturing-specific virtual networks
- Software-defined segmentation: Dynamic network segmentation via software
Access control mechanisms:
- Firewall rules: Port, protocol, application-based filtering
- Network access control: Device authentication en authorization
- Jump servers: Controlled administrative access points
- VPN segmentation: Secure remote access per zone
Gerelateerde begrippen
Verwante termen:
- Firewall voor industriële netwerken - Primary security control voor segmentation
- Virtual LAN - Technology implementing logical segmentation
- OT Security - Operational technology security framework
- IT-OT convergence - Integration challenges requiring segmentation
Verwante concepten:
- Cybersecurity - Overall security framework including segmentation
- VPN - Secure connectivity tussen segments
- Zero trust - Security model supporting micro-segmentation
- IIoT - Connected devices requiring network segmentation
Bronnen
- NIST Cybersecurity Framework - Network segmentation guidelines
- ICS-CERT - Industrial Control System security recommendations
- Purdue University - Reference Model voor Industrial Control System Security
- ISA/IEC 62443 - Industrial automation security standards
- SANS Institute - Network segmentation best practices
- Cisco Industrial Security - Network segmentation architectures
- Fortinet OT Security - Operational technology segmentation strategies
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